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本帖最后由 nicelifet 于 2013-4-10 15:11 编辑
此篇为此前IK8群里讨论DHCP是否与无盘PXE相互干扰的不全面答疑
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验证环境为INTEL PRO1000M网卡,RTL8168D/E网卡,H3C S5500-48PI核心交换机,有盘XP工作站一台,无盘XP工作站一台
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DHCP与PXECLIENT百科
pxe client(bootp)百科
http://baike.baidu.com/view/32782.htm#1
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以下图片在QQ上很清,传到论坛上就有些模糊了,不知道是不是哪里没有设置对。
但图片不是关键,只是作为文字内容的示意。内容有不严谨、不正确的地方敬请各位斧正,但还望各位手下留情。
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dhcp百科
http://baike.baidu.com/view/7992.htm?subLemmaId=7992&fromenter=%A3%C4%A3%C8%A3%C3%A3%D0#1
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测试小结:
1、发现客户机网卡为RTL8168D/E型号时,启动进入有盘XP系统,开始DHCP自动获取IP时的抓包截图如下,注意此时协议为DHCP
2、发现客户机网卡为RTL8168D/E型号时,在BIOS开启了RTL PXE ROM即启用无盘时,客户机启动时所抓取的协议为BOOTP,此BOOTP与DHCP包基本类同,但是多了bootfilename=等启动信息。
以以上两篇术语百科为依据发表拙见如下(为了尽可能易懂,说法可能不严谨):
1)、无盘客户机启用时使用的标准为PXE Client,协议为bootp(dhcp的前身)
2)、进入操作系统后启用的DHCP获取过程为DHCP协议
3)、RARP在未启动系统时生效,ARPS在启动系统后生效(DHCP与BOOTP的区别在与此,群内有一高手之前已说出此协议)
4)、理论上两种不同的协议不会存在冲突现象(分配IP不冲突的前题下)
5)、两者都是UDP协议,PORT 67
6)、此测试仅在INTEL PRO1000和RTL8168D/E网卡上测试
3、DHCP包与PXE(BOOTP)的不同之处
红色标记的是BOOTP协议与DHCP协议的包区别
BOOTP有启动标记,即boot flags与boot file
BOOT启动文件由BOOTP服务器标识。
DHCP有租约时间,BOOTP无租约时间
4、pxe(bootp)返回包简介
从下到下的红色标记依次为:
bootp boot reply
BOOTP包的协议与源、目标端口
服务器名 server host name =GVD-1
决定是否为PXE的boot file name=boot.com
以下为一段bootp包内容
No. Time Source Destination Protocol Info
2 0.000737 10.10.0.11 255.255.255.255 BOOTP Boot Reply
Frame 2: 618 bytes on wire (4944 bits), 618 bytes captured (4944 bits)
Arrival Time: Feb 15, 2012 16:34:18.345011000 中国标准时间
Epoch Time: 1329294858.345011000 seconds
[Time delta from previous captured frame: 0.000737000 seconds]
[Time delta from previous displayed frame: 0.000737000 seconds]
[Time since reference or first frame: 0.000737000 seconds]
Frame Number: 2
Frame Length: 618 bytes (4944 bits)
Capture Length: 618 bytes (4944 bits)
[Frame is marked: False]
[Frame is ignored: False]
[Protocols in frame: eth:ip:udp:bootp]
[Coloring Rule Name: UDP]
[Coloring Rule String: udp]
Ethernet II, Src: IntelCor_ad:21:08 (00:1b:21:ad:21:08), Dst: Broadcast (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff)
Internet Protocol, Src: 10.10.0.11 (10.10.0.11), Dst: 255.255.255.255 (255.255.255.255)
User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: bootps (67), Dst Port: bootpc (68)
Bootstrap Protocol
Message type: Boot Reply (2)
Hardware type: Ethernet
Hardware address length: 6
Hops: 0
Transaction ID: 0xd1354b6d
Seconds elapsed: 0
Bootp flags: 0x8000 (Broadcast)
Client IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
Your (client) IP address: 10.10.1.141 (10.10.1.141)
Next server IP address: 10.10.0.11 (10.10.0.11)
Relay agent IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
Client MAC address: Giga-Byt_35:4b:6d (00:1f:d0:35:4b:6d)
Client hardware address padding: 00000000000000000000
Server host name: GVD-1
Boot file name: Boot.com
Magic cookie: DHCP
Option: (t=1,l=4) Subnet Mask = 255.255.252.0
Option: (t=3,l=4) Router = 10.10.0.60
Option: (t=6,l=8) Domain Name Server
Option: (t=13,l=2) Boot File Size = 0
Option: (t=54,l=4) DHCP Server Identifier = 10.10.0.11
End Option
Padding
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